The geopolitics of diesel supply dominated energy markets this week as the Trump administration moved on multiple fronts to address elevated fuel costs ahead of November midterm elections. Trump's Russia diesel import agreement, reached by relaxing existing sanctions, will deliver more than 2.25 million barrels to U.S. and global markets, drawing accusations from lawmakers that it transfers cash to Moscow without extracting concessions from Putin. Secretary of State Rubio is simultaneously pursuing supply options in Asia, with a scheduled visit to Reliance's Jamnagar refinery — the world's largest single-site refining complex at 1.4 million barrels per day of crude capacity — to explore diesel export opportunities and highlight Reliance's planned new refinery in Texas. The IEA has warned that diesel market constraints will keep prices elevated well into next year.

Washington's energy diplomacy is inseparable from the Ukraine conflict and the broader Iran war. The White House issued an order to slow Ukraine's Starshield service, the military-grade satellite communications system critical to drone operations, with U.S. officials pressing Kyiv to halt strikes on Russian refineries. Trump has publicly blamed those refinery attacks for elevated energy prices, though analysts attribute the primary surge to the U.S.-Israeli conflict with Iran and its disruption of Strait of Hormuz traffic. The diesel deal's broader consequences have deepened the rift between Washington and Kyiv, with Trump calling for Zelenskyy's removal and U.S. envoys pressing Ukraine to unilaterally cease refinery strikes while offering no reciprocal commitment from Russia.

The Strait of Hormuz remains a severe chokepoint for global energy flows. A Singapore-flagged vessel sunk after being struck by a projectile this week, with a second Singapore-registered ship damaged in separate attacks; both incidents involved container ships GFS Pride and GFS Giselle. Strait crossings fell to 131 in the week ended October 14, down from 176 the prior week, according to Kpler data, yet maritime experts and the Singapore Shipping Association indicate commercial transits will continue as strong Asian demand for Gulf energy and higher crude prices make the risk commercially worthwhile for some operators. One Gulf official described a "Hormuz shuttle" of roughly twenty self-insured very large crude carriers exploiting elevated oil prices to sustain voyages despite the attack risk.

Elevated oil prices are transmitting stress through emerging-market currencies. India's rupee, which meets nearly 85% of its fuel needs through imports routed partly via the now-disrupted Strait of Hormuz, faces persistent depreciation toward 100 rupees per dollar, according to strategists at S&P Global Market Intelligence and Mizuho Securities, driven by a widening current account deficit and foreign capital outflows. The Reserve Bank of India's special oil-company dollar window and restrictions on speculative foreign-exchange positioning have provided short-term relief, recovering the currency from 96.79 to the 95-per-dollar level, but the RBI's forward dollar commitments of $200 billion and a reserve import cover at its lowest since 2013 leave the rupee structurally exposed.

On the emissions monitoring front, real-time satellite data revealed that methane leaks at fossil-fuel sites — spanning oil and gas wells, coal mines, pipelines, and refineries — are far more underreported than previously measured, with advocates calling for the restoration of the methane SAT satellite tracking program to enable timely detection and repair. Separately, the future energy mix remains a long-running policy focus, with decades of effort directed at diversifying both the sources of oil and natural gas and the broader fuel portfolio.

India and South Korea have entered a new phase of bilateral clean energy diplomacy, with India's Ambassador to South Korea, Gourangalal Das, exploring civil nuclear, green hydrogen and renewable energy cooperation during a meeting with Kim Jung-ho, Chairman of the National Assembly's Environment, Climate, Energy and Labour Committee. The two sides identified civil nuclear energy, green hydrogen, and renewable power infrastructure as priority domains for collaboration. Ambassador Das also met the ROK-India Parliamentary Friendship Group on September 15, where discussions focused on deepening legislative, cultural, and people-to-people ties, with Chairperson Yun Ho-jung and several vice chairpersons and members participating. Earlier, on September 3, Ambassador Das met Kim Seong-won, Chairperson of the Trade, Industry, Energy, SMEs and Startups Committee, with talks centered on supply chain resilience and clean energy adoption, as well as expanding economic and commercial partnerships between the two nations.

TotalEnergies and KKR added 700 MW for $1.2 billion, expanding their U.S. renewables joint venture to 2.1 GW. CleanChoice Energy closed an $85 million credit facility with Aiga Capital Partners to finance new solar construction, following a prior $166 million project financing round for two earlier solar assets. Puget Sound Energy broke ground on 130 MW in Montana, adjacent to its existing Beaver Creek wind farm. Recurrent Energy commissioned the 200-MWp Villameca farm in Castile and Leon, Spain. Rabbalshede Kraft began construction of 108.2 MWp across two farms in Finland. Standard Solar acquired two Washington projects from OneEnergy Renewables — the 15.79 MW Palouse Junction and Cunningham ground-mounted installations, both under construction and expected to reach completion in Q1 2027.

On the trade and policy front, the U.S. International Trade Commission found material injury from imports of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells from India, Indonesia, and Laos, clearing the path for the Department of Commerce to finalize anti-dumping and countervailing duty orders. Australia's ARENA launched a AUD 250 million funding round — the third iteration of its Solar Sunshot programme — targeting mounting and tracking systems, robotics, advanced automation, and prefabricated construction technologies for utility-scale solar, with eligibility open to both domestic and international companies provided projects are implemented in Australia. Australian solar FIDs hit a record 3.5 GW in 2026, the highest annual total on record. Wakeshma Township, Michigan, approved a solar energy ordinance establishing height, sound, lighting, fencing, and decommissioning standards for installations of all scales, revised to accommodate Michigan's Public Act 233 of 2023, which grants the state commission authority over projects of 50 MW or more.

In capital markets and corporate strategy, Tesla's energy vice president stepped down, with AJ Booth, senior director of energy products engineering, named as successor; the company's energy business grew 9.6% in Q3 measured by battery energy deployed and retains a proposed $10 billion solar factory in Texas. The Guinness Sustainable Energy Fund declined 8.1% in Q3 2026, underperforming the MSCI World Index by nearly 10 percentage points as higher rates, reduced policy support, and a semiconductor sell-off weighed on holdings including Enphase Energy, which fell 33.0% from its early-June highs and closed at approximately $29.35 per share on October 14, 2026; despite the drawdown, the fund's managers noted that more than 90% of utility-scale renewables commissioned in 2025 were cheaper than the lowest-cost fossil-fuel alternative and project approximately 17% annual earnings growth over the next three years.

Across international markets, Qatar's solar capacity is forecast to grow at a 12.4% CAGR through 2035, lifting renewables to a 25.9% share of installed power capacity by that year, driven by facilities including Al Kharsaah, Ras Laffan, Mesaieed, and the large-scale Dukhan development, even as gas is expected to retain roughly 74% of cumulative capacity. Saudi Arabia's ACWA Power signed three battery storage agreements with the Saudi Power Procurement Company for 1,500 MW and 6,000 MWh of capacity across Haden, Muwayh, and Al-Kahfah, and brought its Red Sea off-grid solar project — a 340 MW plant paired with 1,227 MWh of storage — into commercial operation in September 2026. In Malaysia, U Mobile and HLGY Energy signed an MoU for 5G-enabled smart solar farm solutions integrating private network connectivity, AI analytics, drone inspection, and battery storage management. The Philippines introduced 13 renewable energy measures in the first half of 2026, the most among six major Southeast Asian economies studied, with priorities including rooftop solar, net metering, and battery storage integration toward a 35% renewables share by 2030.

In India, energy experts at RE: DIALOGUES 2026 warned that 8,133 GWh of solar was curtailed during April–June 2026 due to transmission constraints, underscoring the need to synchronise generation commissioning with grid infrastructure. Separately, experts at the Central Electricity Authority's 53rd Foundation Day called for AI-driven demand response tools — including smart-meter analytics and behavioural programmes — to align consumption with periods of higher solar generation and manage evening peaks; Tata Power-DDL's behavioural programme has achieved approximately 500 MW of cumulative load reduction across 17 events.

On the technology and innovation front, a peer-reviewed mini-review published in Frontiers in Environmental Engineering detailed solar-assisted microbial fuel cell architectures that combine electroactive bacteria with photosynthetic components, reporting maximum power densities as high as 1,410.2 mW/m² while identifying scalability and stability as the principal barriers to commercialization. Governments and private entities in China, the U.S., the U.K., and Japan are actively developing space-based solar power programs — including China's ZhuRi, Japan's OHISAMA, the U.K.'s Space Solar, and U.S. experiments by Caltech and the Air Force Research Laboratory — all targeting test launches within five years. Chery Auto unveiled China's first scaled AC V2G demonstration station at its 2026 International User Summit, integrating solar generation, storage, and bidirectional vehicle-to-grid charging into a local microgrid. PvPulse by Next Wave Energy Monitoring received the Smart Technology Innovation award at the Philippines Clean Energy Leadership Awards 2026 for its centralised real-time monitoring and portfolio-level analytics platform for distributed solar assets, while Buskowitz Energy's engineering team won Best Engineering Team at the same event for its work converting complex commercial and industrial sites into bankable solar projects. A survey of the indigenous Wakapoa community in Guyana found that reliable 24/7 solar access could unlock millions of dollars in new livelihoods, with 76% of respondents willing to use electricity for more than 12 hours per day for business purposes. Finally, Australian solar-battery retailer Zelora, backed by Bunnings, launched its first brand campaign built around a long-term customer support character, while Renogy opened applications for an early tester program for a solar-powered audio cap wearable through its OpenGrid community co-creation initiative.

Victoria's government approved the 1.5 GW Warracknabeal Energy Park, a WestWind Energy project that would become the largest wind farm in the southern hemisphere, capable of supplying roughly 1.2 million households and meeting up to 12.5% of the state's electricity demand; the site will also incorporate two 300 MW battery systems, with federal approval still pending and construction potentially commencing in 2027.

Canada committed CAD 100 million to Nova Scotia offshore wind development, with CAD 5 million allocated to deploy floating LiDAR buoys measuring offshore wind resources and nearly CAD 3 million directed to Net Zero Atlantic for electricity market modelling covering potential transmission to Quebec, Ontario and beyond; the funding supports preparations for a Call for Bids launching in winter 2027 under the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Energy Regulator.

In Serbia, Enlight Renewable Energy and New Energy Solutions formally inaugurated the Pupin wind park near Kovačica, a 95.5 MW, EUR 140 million facility financed by the EBRD, Erste Group and Erste Bank Serbia that is expected to generate 220 GWh annually and supply more than 40,000 households, expanding a complex that now totals approximately 200 MW alongside the existing Kovačica plant.

Great Britain's grid-balancing costs reached nearly £50 million in a single day as the National Energy System Operator paid windfarms to curtail output in areas of oversupply while simultaneously activating gas and biomass plants in electricity-scarce regions; the daily figure included a £1.6 million half-hour payment, and annual balancing costs are projected at £3.2 billion, with the Global Wind Energy Council's chief executive identifying transmission infrastructure as the single most pressing bottleneck constraining renewable integration worldwide.

China's wind sector reported that 2025 offshore installations exceeded 7 million kilowatts, representing nearly 80% of global offshore wind additions, with the National Energy Administration stating that China established the world's largest wind energy industrial system during the 14th Five-Year Plan; officials acknowledged mounting structural headwinds including grid integration and market constraints as the sector enters the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

A University of Missouri study found that wind hosting counties saw approximately 7% GDP growth with no associated decline in agricultural employment or wages, while solar development produced 10% to 20% employment and wage gains in utilities, construction and transportation; the research coincides with a rise in local ordinances regulating renewable siting across Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska and South Dakota over the past two years.

In New York's Herkimer County, the Rolling Hills Wind Project — a Terra-Gen plan involving 90 turbines — drew the intervention of the federally appointed Special Envoy for American Landowners, as Holy Trinity Monastery and local residents cite infrasound concerns and challenge the authority of the Office of Renewable Energy Siting, which holds power to override local land-use laws.

The U.S. Department of Energy outlined plans to make up to $60 million available for alternative fuel and chemical technologies, with eligible projects including hydrogen blending pilots in existing natural gas distribution networks, biomass-derived chemicals, and alternative refining feedstocks; the opportunity is expected to be formally advertised in November, contrasting with earlier DOE cuts of $2.2 billion to large-scale hydrogen hubs. Japan's METI appears to have allocated up to 50% of its clean hydrogen Contracts for Difference budget, though experts note the agency has paused its unofficial three-monthly award announcement schedule. Poland and Taiwan's hydrogen industry associations signed an MoU to advance joint research, development, and commercial deployment of hydrogen energy.

On the investment and corporate front, Japanese energy major JERA invested in Denver-based natural hydrogen explorer Koloma through its JERA Ventures arm, with the Koloma investment targeting assessment of commercially viable underground hydrogen deposits; Koloma has raised more than $400 million from backers including Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Khosla Ventures, and Amazon. MAX Power Mining advanced its natural hydrogen program in Saskatchewan, with completions testing scheduled for October 2026 at its Lawson discovery, alongside a 2.5-million-acre land position covering the Genesis Trend and Bracken discovery. Noble Helium appointed David Biggs as executive director to advance Tanzania drilling and integrate its recently acquired Earth Source Hydrogen business, which added more than 40,000 square kilometres of prospective helium and hydrogen acreage in Western Australia's Southern Carnarvon Basin. Greentech Hydrogen Innovations Corp. closed the first tranche of a $631,000 private placement. EnergyPathways is accelerating a hydrogen and graphite production facility targeting revenue generation by 2029.

Europe faces a substantial supply shortfall, with Hydrogen Europe's Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026 recording only 677 MW of operational electrolysis capacity and 3.7 GW under construction against an estimated need for an additional 25–30 GW and €50–60 billion in electrolyser investment to meet 3 million tonnes per year of regulatory demand by 2030, with 78% of post-FID capacity concentrated in Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands, and France. South Korea's first clean-hydrogen power auction awarded only 750 GWh of the 6,500 GWh on offer, as most bids exceeded the government's undisclosed price ceiling, illustrating that system-wide economics determine commercial viability beyond technical qualification alone; the IEA's Global Hydrogen Review 2026 separately confirmed that global hydrogen demand surpassed 100 million tonnes in 2025, while low-emissions production grew 20% to nearly 1 million tonnes amid persistent cost, infrastructure, and regulatory constraints. AI-powered inspection and predictive analytics are reshaping hydrogen testing and certification, with industry leaders committing hundreds of millions to digitalization.

In project development, Everllence will supply a PARSYN synthesis gas compressor train for AM Green's green ammonia facility in Kakinada, India, the first commercial PARSYN deployment for green ammonia production, with Phase 1 capacity of 1 MTPA and a long-term offtake agreement with Uniper for up to 500,000 tonnes of renewable ammonia annually; first deliveries to Germany are expected as early as 2028. A UCL report found that green ammonia could undercut VLSFO by 2035 under the IMO Net Zero Framework, linking Grand Inga hydropower to green ammonia production and renewable energy demand. Bharat Petroleum Corporation's 5 MW green hydrogen plant at Bina Refinery in Madhya Pradesh — which produces 2.15 MT of hydrogen per day via alkaline water electrolysis powered entirely by renewable energy and reduces approximately 9,000 MT of CO₂ annually — won Green Hydrogen Project of the Year – India at the Asian Oil & Gas Awards 2026.

A systems-level study concluded that cheap green hydrogen availability, not engine technology, is the binding constraint on commercial hypersonic travel, with a reference Mach 8 aircraft requiring roughly 847 cubic metres of liquid hydrogen tank volume and a 100-aircraft fleet consuming 1.65 million tonnes of liquid hydrogen per year. Researchers published findings in Nature Communications describing gas-releasing frameworks that store hydrogen 20,000 times more densely than hydrogen-rich water, release it selectively in inflamed intestinal tissue, and safely excrete boron byproducts, outperforming conventional formulations in mouse models of colitis. A team at Oregon State University developed a metal-organic framework photocatalyst designated BVR-19 that enables cleaner hydrogen production from water at room temperature without metal ions, though current costs of $5 per kilogram remain above steam methane reforming's $1.50 per kilogram. A review published in Frontiers in Materials identified electrospun hydrogen-rich nanofibers as promising lightweight radiation shielding for lunar and Mars missions, exploiting hydrogen's single-proton nucleus to attenuate galactic cosmic rays more efficiently per unit mass than metallic alternatives.

In Kenya, a Microsoft–G42 Olkaria deal stalled after the Treasury, facing debt service consuming 79.8% of ordinary revenue, declined to commit to fixed-capacity payments the partners required, while the grid's roughly 3 GW total supply made absorbing a 100 MW first-phase data centre load structurally difficult. Microsoft subsequently opened a fourth Indian cloud region in Hyderabad and, this week, notified staff at its Africa Development Centre in Nairobi that engineering work there would end, putting nearly 400 positions at risk. Against that backdrop, KenGen recorded peak demand of 2,549 MW in the financial year ended June 2026 and is advancing a Green Energy Park at Olkaria designed to co-locate geothermal power with manufacturing and other energy-intensive industry, with the initiative to be promoted at the Sustainable Energy Conference 2026 scheduled for November 24–27 in Naivasha. On the generation side, Olkaria I rehabilitation lifted that plant from 45 MW to 63 MW, with the first rebuilt unit returning to the grid in June, and the Cabinet-approved Olkaria VII project is set to add 80.3 MW by June 2027.

In Indonesia, Pertamina Geothermal Energy secured two Asian Power Awards 2026 — Geothermal Power Project of the Year (Gold) and ESG Programme of the Year — for its Lumut Balai operation on Sumatra, where Unit 2 reached commercial operation in mid-2025, bringing combined capacity at the site to 110 MW. The company's Ciclo Lab programme, which uses bioconversion technology to convert operational organic waste into Black Soldier Fly larvae and organic fertiliser, achieved 100% operational organic waste recovery and has been embedded in the local Village Development Plan. Separately, a qualitative study of eight industry practitioners found that foreign renewable energy firms entering Indonesia — including those pursuing geothermal projects — rely primarily on greenfield investment and state-utility partnerships to navigate regulatory uncertainty, permitting delays, and land acquisition difficulties in a market dominated by a single state-owned power purchaser.

In Turkey, community opposition to a planned geothermal plant in the Xwarik village of Muş province reached its 165th day, with the Bingöl Administrative Court scheduling a court-ordered site inspection for November 2 after an October 8 inspection was postponed due to the absence of a qualified geophysicist; the project site in the neighbouring Karlıova district is to be examined on the same date. The vigil, initiated against a facility proposed by US-based IGNIS H2 Energy, drew formal political support when the Democratic Regions Party joined the protest on day 164, with its district co-chair affirming continued participation pending the court's expert report.

U.S. weekly coal output fell to 10,009 thousand short tons for the week ended October 10, 2026, down from 10,061 thousand short tons the prior week and 10,262 thousand short tons a year earlier, with year-to-date production of 402,795 thousand short tons running 2 percent below the comparable period in 2025; Wyoming led all states at 4,015 thousand short tons, Alabama posted the strongest year-to-date growth at 29.2 percent, and Utah recorded the sharpest contraction at 28 percent, while year-to-date rail loadings of 2,319,556 thousand short tons fell 1.8 percent from a year earlier. U.S. coal prices recovered in September on exports and firmer natural gas prices, though elevated domestic inventories and competitive gas are expected to weigh on aggregate production in 2026, with Powder River Basin showing the largest declines; S&P Global now projects 44.4 GW of retirements by 2035, an increase of 8.3 GW from prior forecasts.

Warrior Met Coal reported an ahead-of-schedule Blue Creek longwall start in early Q1 2026, followed by Q2 2026 record sales volumes of 3.7 million short tons and a 45 percent production increase; the company's Q3 2026 results and investor call are scheduled for November 4, at which point management is expected to update margins, cash costs and Section 45X credit impacts. A New South Wales Supreme Court judge approved Tahmoor Coal's $30M repayment of a nearly $30.5 million loan to avoid potentially unfair creditor claims, ruling the loan had helped maintain the mine and likely maximised its value ahead of sale. A federal appeals court upheld a $25.2M judgment against U.S. Senator Jim Justice, affirming he must personally cover unpaid collateral and overdue bond premiums owed by his coal companies, with interest potentially pushing the total to nearly $30 million.

India's coal-fired generation share rose to 64.86 percent in September 2026 from 63.17 percent in August, driven by peak demand running 45–50 GW per day above prior-year levels and an El Niño-related 20 percent annual decline in hydro output; coal stocks fell to 21 million tonnes by September 30, just 36 percent of the normative requirement, while rake loading for power plants averaged 469 rakes per day in early October. India's coal ministry invited stakeholder comment on applications from subsidiaries of the Indian Energy Exchange and Multi Commodity Exchange of India to establish coal exchanges under the Coal Exchange Rules, 2026, with responses due by November 14. Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Singh Mann confirmed that India's central government assured uninterrupted coal supplies to the state following a meeting with Union Power Minister Manohar Lal Khattar, with the state in contact with Coal India and the Jharkhand government regarding supplies from the Pachhwara mines. In Telangana, opposition leader K.T. Rama Rao demanded a probe into foreign coal imports, alleging that deliberate suppression of Singareni Collieries production — which declined from 70 million tonnes in 2023–24 to 58 million tonnes in 2025–26 — was being used to justify a ₹3,000 crore procurement arrangement involving commissions of ₹1,500 per tonne.

South Korea's government announced it will increase coal and nuclear use this winter as U.S.-Iran war disruptions to Persian Gulf LNG supplies have left the country heavily exposed to soaring prices, with Climate Minister Kim Sungwhan stating the goal remains long-term reduction of both coal and LNG as the country shifts to renewables. A Statkraft report projects that renewables will supply 68–86 percent of China's electricity by 2050 against about 37 percent today, with coal's share falling to between 5 and 21 percent; coal power generation fell in 2025 for the first time since 2015 but rose 3 percent in H1 2026 amid strong demand and low wind and nuclear output. A 2026 Southeast Asia Climate Outlook Survey found that a slight majority supports phasing out coal quickly in favor of alternative energy, with only 9.2 percent supporting new coal plant construction; among major coal-dependent economies, 60.7 percent of Philippine respondents and 60.2 percent of Indonesian respondents support a 2030 phase-out target.

Mongolian Mining Corporation released its Q3 2026 operational update, and separately disclosed that an average of 897 coal trucks crossed the border per operating day during the quarter, down 34 percent from the prior quarter, while its Bayan Khundii operation sold 11,853 ounces of gold at a weighted average price of $4,315 an ounce, down 4 percent quarter-on-quarter. DMCI Power Corp. plans to invest ₱3 billion in a new coal-fired plant in Palawan to meet rising electricity demand. A Philippine consumer group, Nasecore, urged the DOE to disclose bidding rules for the Semirara coal contract and enforce supply and pricing commitments.

In the United States, Duke Energy delayed three North Carolina coal plant retirements and holds the second-most planned gas capacity nationally, while simultaneously seeking a 9.5 percent rate increase; critics note a renewable-heavy portfolio would save North Carolinians between $4.5 and $8 billion. In Iowa, both MidAmerican Energy and Interstate Power and Light received failing grades in the Sierra Club's annual Dirty Truth report, with MidAmerican's plans including keeping five coal plants online through 2035 to serve a growing data center load. An Oklahoma researcher found that data center growth increases coal emissions, warning that expanded reliance on coal-fired plants will worsen ozone pollution, a dynamic already observed when Atlantic storm Isaias carried coal emissions from northeastern power plants into Oklahoma City. Opponents of the Bipartisan American Affordability and Jobs Act argue the bill would make coal mining easier while weakening environmental review, compounding concerns raised by EIA data showing proposed gas plant capacity has nearly tripled since early 2023. A U.S. Department of Energy emergency order has been used to keep a Florida coal plant running past its planned closure date, creating workforce and Social Security earnings-test complications for workers who had already retired. The Missouri DNR is scheduled to assess old coal mines in St. Clair County. A coal truck rollover on Fairmont Road in Morgantown, West Virginia left one person transported and a fuel tank leaking onto the roadway, closing the road for several hours.

On the research front, Turkish conglomerates Limak Holding, IC Holding and Sinpaş — whose joint venture YK Energy operates coal-fired plants and sought to expand lignite mining into Akbelen Forest — have been listed as climate supporters for COP31 in Antalya, scheduled November 9–20, drawing scrutiny given their environmental records. Chinese researchers published findings that saline mine water replaces tap water in coal-waste cemented backfill, boosting 28-day compressive strength at cement dosages above 6 percent while cutting brine disposal costs by more than half. The University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources completed the first-year field harvest of a study finding that coal char improves carrot yields, with pyrolyzed Wyoming coal applied as a soil amendment showing improvements in crop size while retaining flavor and moisture content, funded by the Wyoming Department of Agriculture and the USDA.